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Puccinia horiana (White crysanthemum) 
     (left)White pustules on underside of leaf are the source of infectious spores
	 (right) small whitish to yellowish lesions on upper surface of the leaf
http://www.oda.state.or.us/Plant/ppd/CWR/cwr.htm 
Photo by Oregon Dept. of Agriculture photo 17

Puccinia horiana (White crysanthemum)
Photo by Oregon Dept. of Agriculture

INVASIVE SPECIES TIME WARP ACTIVITY

POPULATION: General teen or adult use

SPACE REQUIREMENTS: Classroom/Outdoors

EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS: Pencils/pens, paper

SIZE OF GROUP: Small group

PROGRAM GOALS:

1. To increase participants' understanding of their values as related to invasive species control and eradication techniques.

2. To increase participants' ability to use a group planning and decision-making process.

3. To increase participants' ability to compromise within a small group.

DESCRIPTION/PROCEDURE:

Have group form semicircle and distribute paper and pencils. Introduce the invasive species module by beginning discussion on values as they related to invasive species and how each person has an individually held value system. However, most people do not think about their values as related to control or eradication techniques of invasive species until they come into conflict within another countries' control or eradication techniques of invasive species. The second part of the module will help participants learn compromise skills and let them see other people's values.

Instruct each person to look over the module list and decide 5 invasive species that he/ she would allow to exist in their future. Each person is to circle the five chosen invasive species. Individuals may not add invasive species to the list. Allow 5 minutes for completion.

Then form small groups (representing countries) of three to five people and have them discuss the chosen invasive species and control or eradication techniques. Have them come to a group consensus on only five control or eradication techniques of invasive species. Allow 15 to 20 minutes for completion.

Each group (country) is then to present their choices to the others, explaining why each invasive species was chosen to exist the future. Other group members may make comments and note similarities and differences.

The discussion should focus on the invasive species control or eradication techniques that the selected invasive species represent, how groups came to consensus, the apparent leaders and followers in each group, how individual invasive species control or eradication techniques may be compromised temporarily for the group (countries) values, etc.

LEADERSHIP CONSIDERATIONS:

1. Encourage discussion between group members, with each person justifying why he/ she selected certain invasive species and control or eradication techniques.

2. Note how each group uses decision-making and compromise skills to make observations to group after completion.

VARIATIONS:

1. If time allows, have all groups combine for one list of five invasive species and control or eradication techniques, going through another round of compromise and decision making.

2. Substitute list of invasive species control or eradication techniques with different pieces of related topics.

3. Substitute list of invasive species control or eradication techniques with different invasive species from across the United States or foreign counties (e.g.,Yosemite National Park, Nordic Countries, etc.)

TIME WARP

A team of scientists has discovered how to send people into the future. While discovering this, they also found that the people in the future do not know how to use eradication techniques on invasive species. So this team of scientists has chosen you to come up with five control or eradication techniques to take to the future and teach them how to control or eradicate invasive species. Your job is to decide from the following list which would be the most beneficial control or eradication techniques to send to the future.

Possible control measures

Chemical control

(advantages)

  • Insecticides will usually killed the target insects quickly.
  • Chemical pesticides are usually readily available and can quickly be applied to the pests.
  • Chemical pesticides usually have a long shelf life, those making it easier to always keep some on hand.

(disadvantages)

  • If a pest is spread over a large area, it may be too expensive to buy chemical pesticides to cover that whole area.
  • Political pressure may be too great to spray a chemical pesticide over a highly populated area.
  • Insecticides (a chemical pesticide to kill insects) may kill a wide range of insects, including beneficial insects that might be feeding on various pest insect. This may cause an outbreak of other insect pests that were normally being controlled by beneficial insect species.
  • Care must be taken when applying chemical pesticides so that they do not go into streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes.
  • Some herbicides (a chemical pesticide to kill plants) may take a week or two before the plant dies.

Biological control

(advantages)

  • Once released and established, biological control agents will reproduce and continue attacking the pest species year after year.
  • Some species of biological control agents are very selective input they eat and will eat only one or a few species of closely related pests. These are the types of biological control agents to use.

(disadvantages)

  • It may take years to find an effective biological control agent to release.
  • Since biological control agents are alive, it may be difficult to store them, so they usually have to be purchased from a distributor.
  • Some plant feeding biological control agents eat many different kinds of plants, some of which may not be weeds. These species of biological control agents should not be used.

Cultural control

  • Some types of insect crop pests can be controlled by practices such as planting early, planting late, harvesting as soon as possible then plowing the field latter into the soil.
  • Some insect pests can be controlled by crop rotation, for example, planting corn one year then planting soybeans the next year.
  • Traps baited with chemicals that attract certain species of pest insects to insecticides within the traps.